Dry Eye, or Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS), is a condition where a dog’s eyes don’t produce enough (or adequate quality) of natural tears. Tears are vital for keeping the surface of the eye moist, nourished, and protected. When tear production drops, the eye can become irritated, inflamed, and more prone to infection and ulcers.
Several factors can lead to decreased tear production, including:
Immune-mediated destruction of the tear glands (most common cause)
Congenital or breed predisposition (Cocker Spaniels, Bulldogs, Shih Tzus, Yorkies, Pugs, and others) Injury or nerve damage
Certain medications (like sulfa drugs)
Signs To Watch For In Your Pet:
Red, irritated eyes
Thick, yellow or green discharge
Squinting or blinking often
Dull or dry-looking corneas
Rubbing at the eyes
Recurrent eye infections or ulcers
If left untreated KCS can cause chronic discomfort and even vision loss
Diagnosing Dry Eye
Dry eye is diagnosed with a simple test called the Schirmer Tear Test, which measures tear production over a short period of time. Tear film quality is evaluated with a stain test. these tests are quick, painless, and performed in the clinic.
Treating Dry Eye
While dry eye is typically a lifelong condition, it can be successfully managed with proper and consistent care.
Common treatments include:
Daily eye medications to stimulate tear production (like cyclosporine or tacrolimus)
Artificial tears to provide moisture
Anti-inflammatory drops or ointments
In severe cases, surgical options (like a parotid duct transposition) or cyclosporine implants may be discussed.
With consistent treatment, most dogs with dry eye remain comfortable and retain good vision.