Understanding Corneal Ulcers in Pets

Providing Personalized & Compassionate Ophthalmologic Care

What Is a Corneal Ulcer?

A corneal ulcer is an open wound on the surface of the eye. The cornea is the clear outer layer that protects the eye—sort of like a windshield. When it’s damaged, it can become painful, vulnerable to infection, and impact your pet’s vision. In cats, dogs, and other pets, corneal ulcers often occur as a result of trauma, though they can also be caused by certain infections, dry eye, and other related issues.

If your pet is suffering from a corneal ulcer, find the location near you to learn more about our available corneal ulcer therapy treatments.

Common Causes:

Corneal ulcers can happen for many reasons, including:

  • Trauma: scratches from play, pawing, or rubbing the eye
  • Foreign bodies: like dust, grass seeds, or debris
  • Dry eye (KCS): reduced tear production
  • Infections: bacterial, viral, or fungal
  • Eyelid or eyelash disorders: like entropion (rolling in of eyelids) or ectopic cilia (hair under eyelid)
  • Chemical irritants: like shampoo or cleaners
  • Spontaneous/age-related

Corneal Ulcer Symptoms in Pets:

Pets with corneal ulcers may show:

  • Squinting or keeping the eye closed
  • Redness or swelling on or around the eye
  • Watery or thick ocular discharge
  • Cloudiness or a bluish haze over the eye
  • Rubbing or pawing at the face or eye
  • Light sensitivity or blinking more than usual

If you notice any of these signs, contact us promptly—corneal ulcers can worsen quickly if untreated.

Diagnosing & Treating Corneal Ulcers

A corneal ulcer is diagnosed by:

  • Complete eye exam
  • Fluorescein stain will highlight any damage to the cornea
  • Testing of tear production and eye pressure may be needed

Treatment depends on the type and severity of the ulcer and may include:

  • Topical antibiotics to prevent or treat infection
  • Pain relief and anti-inflammatory drops or oral medications
  • E-collar to protect the eye(s)
  • Lubricants for healing and tear support
  • Treating the underlying cause
  • Surgery or procedure may be recommended in more severe or non-healing cases
Important: Never use over-the-counter eye medications without veterinary guidance. Some drops (like those with steroids) can make ulcers much worse.

Follow-up Care

  • Most superficial/non-infected ulcers heal within 5–7 days, but regular rechecks are essential.
  • Do not stop medications early—even if the eye looks better.
  • Prevent trauma: avoid rough play, trim sharp nails, and use an e-collar if recommended.

Download our printable brochure: HERE